手機(jī)版
It's not a new revelation that China has a lot of rules.
Last year, there were rules for Beijing residents during the Olympics, and also rules for foreigners who came to town for the games (57 of them!).
This year, in Hubei province, a county government infamously ordered local officials to smoke locally-produced cigarettes, while civil servants in the southwestern city of Kunming were ordered to learn 300 English sentences and 100 sentences in Lao, Burmese, Thai and Vietnamese, apparently to promote tourism in the region.
Monday's New York Times looks at some even more bizarre manifestations of rules run amok, such as an edict requiring schoolchildren to salute all passing vehicles on their way to and from school, and the Chongqing rule that 'forced unmarried women to pass a chastity test before receiving compensation for farmland appropriated by the government.'
A potential side effect of so many seemingly arbitrary rules is that people may feel more inclined to skirt rules that they disagree with, or are simply too cumbersome to follow on a regular basis, fueling a culture of rule-bending and ignoring.
A minor example: At Beyonce's concert at Beijing's Wukesong Stadium Friday, security personnel struggled to enforce an apparent rule against concertgoers standing up to dance. Eventually, in light of the increasing numbers of people openly flouting the prohibition, and the singer's own exhortations for the crowd to get up and dance, the guards simply gave up.
A bigger case involved the notorious Green Dam Internet filtering software. After hastily, and quietly, demanding that all PC makers install Web filtering software, an outcry among foreign companies and Chinese Internet users moved authorities to backpedal on the requirement, with a senior official acknowledging that the regulation 'wasn't fully considered, and not expressed clearly, and gave everyone the impression that this is mandatory.'
When discussing the development of the rule of law in China, legal experts often note that China has many perfectly sufficient laws on the books, but that the real challenge is enforcement. And rules might be taken more seriously if there were fewer of them, made with the input of those who are affected by them.
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中國(guó)規(guī)章制度繁多，這并不是什么新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
去年奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間，就出臺(tái)了針對(duì)北京居民的各種規(guī)定，對(duì)來(lái)京看比賽的外國(guó)人也有各種規(guī)定（多達(dá)57種）。
今年在湖北省，一家縣政府命令當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T吸本地制造的煙。而在西南城市昆明，公務(wù)員被要求學(xué)會(huì)300句英語(yǔ)，和100句老撾語(yǔ)、緬甸語(yǔ)、泰國(guó)語(yǔ)和越南語(yǔ)，明顯是為了推動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜巍?nbsp;
周一的《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》列舉了一些更加稀奇古怪的規(guī)定。比如一項(xiàng)法令要求中小學(xué)生在上下學(xué)途中要向過(guò)往車輛敬禮，重慶政府的一條規(guī)定未婚女性必須通過(guò)“貞潔鑒定”才能拿到被征農(nóng)地補(bǔ)償。
這么多任意武斷的規(guī)定潛在的副作用是，人們可能更傾向于繞開(kāi)那些他們并不贊同的或只是簡(jiǎn)單教條的遵守，這加速了一種無(wú)視并扭曲規(guī)則的文化。
舉個(gè)小例子：上周五碧昂斯(Beyonce)在北京五棵松體育館的演唱會(huì)上，安保人員竭力執(zhí)行阻止觀眾起立舞蹈的明文規(guī)定。但最終，鑒于越來(lái)多的觀眾公然無(wú)視之加上歌手本人的鼓動(dòng)，他們只好放棄。
另一個(gè)例子是臭名昭著的“綠霸”互聯(lián)網(wǎng)過(guò)濾軟件。在悄然并迅速的要求所有個(gè)人電腦生產(chǎn)商安裝這款網(wǎng)絡(luò)過(guò)濾軟件之后，盡管一位高層官員表示該要求“考慮不周，表述不清，并給大家強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的印象”，但鑒于外國(guó)公司和中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的呼吁，有關(guān)部門還是對(duì)這一要求做出了讓步，。
在討論中國(guó)法治進(jìn)程的時(shí)候，法學(xué)專家常常提到，中國(guó)紙面上已經(jīng)有了很多非常充分的法律，但真正挑戰(zhàn)是執(zhí)行。如果現(xiàn)行的類似法規(guī)較少，那么讓受其影響較大的人群參與制定，或許就能被更認(rèn)真執(zhí)行了。
